توثيق وترميم منجل أثرى من العصر الروماني Documentation and restoration of an antique scythe from the Roman era

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلف

قسم الترميم-كلية الفنون الجميلة - جامعة المنيا

المستخلص

الملخص:
يتناول البحث علاج ترميم منجل أثري من العصر الروماني متواجد بالمتحف الزراعي بالقاهرة، ويهدف هذا البحث إلى فحص وتحليل وترميم منجل أثرى ذو سلاح حديدي ومقبض خشبي وفهم آلية التآكل الناتج عن عملية دفن المنجل وآلية التلف الناتجة عن اتصال السلاح الحديدي بالمقبض الخشبي.
تمت الدراسة بعمل توثيق بالصور للمنجل فحص وتحليل لعينات السلاح الحديدي للمنجل وعينات من خشب المنجل باستخدام الميكروسكوب الهاتف المحمول لدراسة سطح العينة وشكل طبقة التآكل وسطح الخشب، والتحليل باستخدام حيود الأشعة السينية XRDلمعرفة مركبات التآكل التي أظهرت أكاسيد الحديد وكلوريدات الحديد وكبريتات الحديد وثاني أكسيد السيلكون علي سطح الحديد ولأكاسيد الحديد وسيليكات الحديد وثاني أكسيد السيلكون علي سطح الخشب، وكذلك التحليل باستخدام الميكروسكوب الالكتروني الماسح المزود بوحدة تشتيت الأشعة السينية  EDXلدراسة سطح عينات الحديد وشكل طبقات التآكل ومعرفة تركيب سبيكة الحديد وعناصر التآكل، ومن ذلك اتضح ان السبيكة الحديدية للسلاح المنجل من سبيكة (الصلب منخفض الكربون والمنجنيز) وظهرت عليها عناصر التآكل من الكلور والكبريت والاكسجين، وتم فحص سطح الحديد باستخدام الميكروسكوب الميتالوجرافي لمعرفة أطوار السبيكة الحديدية التي كانت من (سبيكة الصلب منخفض الكربون) حيث أظهر  تسطح الحبيبات وتباين حجم الحبيبات المعدنية وظاهرة التوأمية والتآكل بين الحبيبي نتيجة لتشكيله علي البارد، وتم علاج وترميم المنجل الاثري بفك السلاح المعدني عن المقبض الخشبي والتنظيف الميكانيكي للنصل وكذلك للمقبض والتنظيف الكيميائي باستخدام محلول هيدروكسيد الصوديوم   NaOH5% للحديد وتنظيف المقبض بالكحول الايثيلي وحمض الاكساليك 1:2، وغسل وتجفيف الحديد بالماء والكحول الايثيلي ثم عزل الحديد بمحلول البيرمالاك وفي النهاية تمت اعادة تثبيت السلاح الحديدي بالمقبض باستخدام مسامير صلب غير قابل للصدأ.
Abstract:
he research deals with the treatment of restoring an antique sickle from the Roman era located in the Agricultural Museum in Cairo. This research aims to examine, analyze, and restore an antique sickle with an iron weapon and a wooden handle and to understand the mechanism of corrosion resulting from the process of burying the sickle and the mechanism of damage resulting from the contact of the iron weapon with the wooden handle. The study was carried out by documenting photographs of the sickle, examining and analyzing samples of the iron weapon of the sickle and samples of the wood of the sickle using a mobile phone microscope to study the surface of the sample and the shape of the corrosion layer and the surface of the wood, and analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify the corrosion compounds that showed iron oxides, iron chlorides, iron sulfate and silicon dioxide on the surface Iron, iron oxides, iron silicates, and silicon dioxide on the surface of wood, as well as analysis using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an Carbon and manganese) and corrosion elements such as chlorine, sulfur, and oxygen appeared on it. The surface of the iron was examined using a metallographic microscope to determine the phases of the iron alloy, which was made of (low-carbon steel alloy). It showed flattening of the grains, variation in the size of the metal grains, the phenomenon of twinning, and intergranular corrosion because of its cold forming. The antique sickle was treated and restored by dismantling the metal weapon from the wooden handle, mechanical cleaning of the blade as well as the handle, chemical cleaning using a 5% NaOH solution for the iron, cleaning the handle with ethyl alcohol and oxalic acid 1:2, washing and drying the iron with water and ethyl alcohol, then isolating the iron with a permalac solution, and finally it was restored. Fix the iron weapon to the handle using stainless steel screws.
 

الكلمات الرئيسية

المراجع

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